略论应将人列入景观及景观设计之要素

在通常的风景园林书籍中，未曾明确将人及其活动列入景观设计的要素。喜欢观看他人及被人观看是人的本性之一。明确提出并论述应将人及其活动列入景观及景观设计之要素的必要性。在风景园林等景观场所的规划设计中，将人及其活动作为景观要素之一加以考虑，必将进一步拓宽景观规划设计的视野，增加其维度，有助于提升景观设计的水平，使所设计的景观更加人性化，更加体现以人为本的理念，为建设美丽中国，留住乡愁作出贡献。     

The role of accelerators in firm survival: An fsQCA analysis of Italian startups

Accelerators are a recent yet rapidly growing phenomenon within entrepreneurial ecosystems. The distinctive characteristics exhibited by accelerators, relative to previous incubation models, imply that accelerators may play a different role and have a different impact on the survival rates of participating firms. In this study, we explore the relationship between participation in an accelerator program and firm survival using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with key variables related to firm survival. We analyze 38 accelerated startups from five Italian accelerators and a control group of 38 non-accelerated Italian startups. Our findings support the business accelerator literature that regards accelerators as a new and distinct generation of business incubators. Our results suggest that participation in accelerator programs on its own does not influence firm survival. However, we found a relationship between firm survival and accelerated technology-based firms that do not export and between firm survival and accelerated firms in the service sector with a small team that do not export. We conclude that factors affecting the survival of accelerated firms are different from factors affecting the survival of incubated firms, providing further evidence of the characteristics that distinguish accelerators from incubators.     

2种不同来源的黑牛肝菌SOD酶活稳定性研究

本研究分别对野生种PH-16与栽培种PH-20黑牛肝菌进行SOD酶活稳定性研究,通过SOD酶对H2O2及乙醇-氯仿的化学敏感性差异,确定SOD酶类型,以没食子酸自氧化法测定酶活,通过温度、pH以及4℃保藏时间梯度对其SOD酶稳定性进行了探究.结果表明,硫酸铵-丙酮复合沉降法,SOD酶活性最高,PH-20菌丝体蛋白含量是PH-16的1.32倍,而PH-16 SOD比活力最高可达PH-20的1.42倍.两种黑牛肝菌SOD酶活性均对H2O2浓度变化敏感,对乙醇-氯仿浓度变化保持活性稳定,确定SOD酶类型为Cu,Zn-SOD酶.PH-16 SOD酶最高酶活条件为pH=5.5,温度25℃,活性平均衰退速率16.2 U·mL-1·d-1.PH-20 SOD酶最高酶活条件为pH=6.5,温度30℃,活性平均衰退速率8.5 U·mL-1·d-1.     

Research note sport tourism versus event tourism: Considerations on a necessary distinction and integration

Abstract

Interest in sport-related tourism increased perceptibly around the millennium, however, a comprehensive conceptual framework for a classification of sport (event) tourism is still missing. The predominant focus of sport tourism encompasses event-related touristic endeavors, such as mega sport events; however, an holistic approach to sport tourism suggests the need for further integration of other sub-areas such as nonevent-related components. This research note, therefore, provides a sport tourism perspective and a methodological approach to establishing the sport tourism cube as a necessary tool for the further distinction and integration of sport and event tourism. The research aim is, therefore, to build a foundation for further scientific research in sport tourism.     

Corporate and Individual Influences on Managers' Social Orientation

This paper reports research on the influence of corporate and individual characteristics on managers' social orientation in Germany. The results indicate that mid-level managers expressed a significantly lower social orientation than low-level managers, and that job activity did not impact social orientation. Female respondents expressed a higher social orientation than male respondents. No impact of the political system origin (former East Germany versus former West Germany) on social orientation was shown. Overall, corporate position had a significantly higher impact on social orientation than did the characteristics of the individuals surveyed.     

Understanding communal and individual customer experiences in group-oriented event tourism: an activity theory perspective

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study, grounded in activity theory, is to empirically investigate the communal and individual mechanisms that simultaneously shape the customer experience in group-oriented event tourism. Based on a survey of 389 respondents with group travel experience to major events, the results confirm the research model, suggesting that the customer-experience construct constitutes a multidimensional structure comprising second-order components reflecting individual and communal experiences, with each containing first-order constructs. The results further confirm that the customer-experience construct predicts post-consumption evaluations of perceived value and satisfaction. Limitations of the study are outlined, and implications for research and managerial practice for the creation of customer experiences that are valuable and satisfying for group-travel consumers to events are discussed.     

运用公共市场学提高公共组织的社会效益

所有公共组织都面临提高效益的艰巨挑战 ,尽管市场学在工商领域的运用多年来效果显著 ,但是市场学最重要的意义还在于它在公共组织中的实践活动。公共市场学在公共组织的运用已经在发达国家得到了成功。运用公共市场原理和手段 ,为改善公共组织 ,机构和公共团体的经济效益和管理效益 ,提高公共事业的服务质量 ,促进社会进步有重要意义。     

Measuring fund style,performance and activity: a new style‐profiling approach

We construct new measures of fund style, performance and activity from linear combinations of off‐the‐shelf stock‐market indices. A fund's benchmark portfolio is a linear combination of two or more reference portfolios that in a least‐squares sense most closely approximates the fund's portfolio. The resulting linear combination scalar is itself a measure of fund style and the distance between a fund and its benchmark is a measure of fund activity. Our approach has a number of advantages over existing characteristic‐matching methods. We illustrate our approach using a data set of US institutional funds.     

Localisation of Industry in Chile, 1895–1967: Mining Cycles and State Policy

Mining cycles have had an enormous impact in the evolution of the localisation of economic activity, in particular of industry, in Chile. The nitrate cycle was characterised by a labour‐intensive extraction process and activity which was geographically very concentrated. The copper cycle was geographically more dispersed and its activity more capital‐intensive. We stress the role played by the State in the latter de‐concentration due to the impact of regional development policies and assess the importance of factor endowments and agglomeration economies, in the localisation of the manufacture.     

海藻多糖的生物活性及医药应用研究新进展

海藻多糖是一类海藻提取物，属于植物多糖中的一种，是一种天然活性物质，具有许多药用功能。近年来有关海藻多糖在医药方面的应用越来越受到人们的关注。本文就其生物活性及其药用功能的研究进展作一综述。